A topographic map is a detailed and accurate illustration of man-made and natural features on the ground such as roads, railways, power transmission lines, contours, elevations, rivers, lakes and geographical names. The topographic map is a two-dimensional representation of the Earth’s three-dimensional landscape.
Topographic Map. Topographic maps are detailed maps that represent the graphics features on the Earth's surface. The map uses contours lines to represent relief and other geographic features such as infrastructural development, water bodies, buildings, and other prominent features.
Topographic maps translate three-dimensional land features into a two-dimensional (flat) map. You can look at a topographic map and quickly see where the hills, rivers, peaks, and valleys are. When you are navigating, a topographic map can show you where you are, what route to take, and which ways are dead ends.
Topographic maps became a signature product of the USGS because the public found them - then and now - to be a critical and versatile tool for viewing the nation's vast landscape. Get Topo Maps Current US Topos and historical topographic maps are available as digital files or printed to order. Learn More Create an OnDemand Topo
Topographic maps represent the locations of geographical features, such as hills and valleys. Topographic maps use contour lines to show different elevations on a map. A contour line is a type of isoline; in this case, a line of equal elevation. If you walk along a contour line you will not go uphill or downhill.

Topographic Contours. Many maps of land areas have series of curved lines, called contours, that represent the topography of the area. Such a map is called a topographic map. A contour is a horizontal curve that’s the locus of all points on the map with the same elevation (Figure 3-35).

Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. The First Topographic Map
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    • what do topographic maps show